System for automatically coating the human body

ABSTRACT

In a system for coating human skin, a chemical composition, such as a cosmetic or medical formulation, is uniformly coated over the entire body or selected parts of the body of the person being coated. The system includes atomization of the coating composition, containment of the atomized spray, and residual recovery which together yield a novel method for applying chemical compositions.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from Provisional Application Ser. No.60/039,489 filed on Feb. 28, 1997, and No. 60/052,498 filed on Jul. 14,1997.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to systems for automaticallycoating the human body or selected parts thereof with predeterminedfluids. More particularly, the invention relates to an automatedself-tanning system.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The application of various fluids to all or selected parts of the humanbody has been known literally for centuries. However, despite the longstanding and wide spread practice of coating the human body with variousfluids, there has never been a successful way of automatically coatingthe human body. Therefore, prior to the present invention, it has beennecessary to apply fluids to the body manually.

Manual application of fluids to the human body results in numerousdisadvantages. First, it is almost impossible to uniformly coat thehuman body with fluids using manual application techniques. This is trueeven in the case of fluids that are provided in aerosol or spray formbecause such fluids must be rubbed in after application. Second, theapplication of fluids to certain parts of the human body, for example,the back, require the availability of an assistant in order that propermanual application can be attempted.

The foregoing difficulties are particularly apparent in the case ofartificial tanning processes. Artificial tanning has been known for morethan 40 years, with artificial tanning products appearing on the U.S.market as early as 1959. The two key types of tanning processes are bycolorants and bronzers.

Tanning by colorants is based on the color reaction which occurs betweencomponents of the skin and the colorant. The most commonly used chemicalfor artificial tanning is dihydroxyacetone (DHA). It is widely used incommercial artificial tanning products, and is recognized as safe andeffective by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). DHA reactssolely with the stratum corneum. It interacts with amines, peptides andfree amino acids to generate a Maillard reaction. The resulting productsare cyclic and linear polymers that have a yellow or brown color.

Two common bronzers are juglone and lawsone. Both are naphthoquinones.When applied to skin, lawsone produces an orange hue and jugloneproduces a greenish-brown tan. They are sometimes used in combinationwith DHA to modify the color or hue of the tan or to intensify thecolor.

Numerous forms of artificial tanning products are now on the market.They include:

lotions,

creams,

gels,

oils,

sprays.

These products are mixtures of a chemically-active skin colorant or abronzer with combinations of the following:

moisturizers,

preservatives,

antimicrobials,

thickeners,

solvents,

emulsifiers,

fragrances,

surfactants,

stabilizers,

sun-screens,

pH adjusters

anti-caking agents,

ingredients to alter the color reaction.

Users of these products often experience significant problems associatedwith the current methods for applying artificial tanning formations toskin. These problems include the following.

If not properly dried, the formulation will streak or form blotches withtime. The net result is a very non-uniform tan, with light or darkstreaks or blotches.

Certain parts of the body will stain more intensely when the formulationis spread manually. This differential staining is due to enhanceabsorption of certain skin tissue and the tendency of certain tissue toretain more formulation. The result is that as the formulation is beingspread manually, certain tissue absorb or trap more formulation (e.g.,the wrinkles in the elbows and knees and the dense tissue in the palms).

Most products designed for manual application require components such asthickeners and polymers, which often inhibit the efficacy of DHA.

Current formulations typically take about 20 minutes to dry to thetouch, and about 1 hour before not transferring from skin to textiles.

Application of artificial tanning products is additionally complicatedby the tendency of these formulations to stain materials containingamine molecules, including certain fabrics, certain types of carpet, andcertain wall coverings and paint.

In spite of all of these problems, artificial tanning is becomingincreasingly popular. It is apparent that a need exists for a superiorapplication system which solves the foregoing problems.

There is also a need for a superior applications system for many otherapplications, including but not limited to:

self-tanning formulations,

sunscreens,

suntan lotions,

tanning accelerators,

sunburn treatments,

insect repellants,

skin toners,

skin bleaches,

skin lighteners,

anti-microbial compositions,

moisturizers,

exfoliants,

nutriments or vitamins,

massage aides,

muscle relaxants,

skin treatment agents,

burn treatment agents,

decontamination agents,

cosmetics,

wrinkle treatments or removers.

There are specific and significant problems with the manual coating ofeach of these products. The artificial tanning application provides agood illustration of the types of problems normally encountered whenmanually coating these products. Artificial tanning is also one of themost demanding applications in that uniformity of the coating iscritical to assure uniform tanning.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comprises a system for automatically coating thehuman body, including a method of and apparatus for uniformly andrapidly coating all or selected parts of the human body. The systemincludes apparatus which atomizes (also referred to as aerosolization,nebulization, mist generation, fog generation or spray generation) achemical composition and deposits it uniformly over all or selectedparts of the human body. It is not necessary for the individualreceiving the treatment nor anyone else to manually apply any of theformulation. Also, a containment system is provided which restrains andcollects residue from the application process. The system can optionallyrecycle the materials used.

There are several major advantages resulting from the use of theinvention:

Uniform application minimizes or eliminates streaking,

No assistant is required for applying the composition,

The entire skin surface receives the same exposure to the composition,so the uniformly of the coating is greatly enhanced over manualapplication,

The optimal formulation for atomization is very simple, and does notrequire the addition of components which may inhibit the efficacy of theapplied material,

The application time can be as quick as a few seconds, and completedrying can occur in just a few minutes,

The containment system drastically reduces the unwanted environmentalimpact,

Multiple applications can be used to better control the amount ofmaterial applied per unit area, and additional substances can be appliedin separate applications.

REFERENCES

U.S. patent documents

3,932,151 1/1976 Lau 55/229

4,231,289 11/1980 Domicent 98/115

5,268,166 12/1993 Barnett 424/047

Foreign patent documents

WO 94/12146 6/1994 PCT Int'l Appl.

Other publications

Akins, F. J. and Marlowe, E., "Non-Carcinogenicity of Dihydroxyacetoneby Skin Painting," Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology, 5:No. 5, pp. 349-351 (1984).

Federal Register, "Color Additive Dihydroxyacetone" 38: No. 148, p.21615, Aug. 2, 1973.

Futterer, E., "Theory and Practice of Artificial Tanning: Literature andPatent Survey," Cosmetics and Perfumes, 88: No. 8, pp. 31-33 (1973).

Johnson, J. A. and Fusaro, R. M., "Persistence of Skin Color andFluorescence after Treatment with Dihydroxyacetone," Dermatology 188:pp. 247 (1994). Kurz, T., "Formulating Effective Self-Tanners with DHA,"Cosmetics and Toiletries, 109: No. 11, starting p. 55 (1994).

Levy, S. B., "Dihydroxyacetone-Containing Sunless or Self-tanningLotions," Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 27: No. 6, pp.989-993 (1992).

"Spray Application Processes," BINKS training brochure TD49-2R-4,August, 1995, BINKS Manufacturing Company, Franklin, Ill.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the invention may be had by referenceto the following Detailed Description when taken in conjunction withaccompanied Drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating the invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the system for automaticallycoating the human body of the present invention comprising the minimumrequirements thereof;

FIG. 3 is an illustration similar to FIG. 2 wherein the system of thepresent invention is further provided with containment apparatus;

FIG. 4 is an illustration similar to FIG. 3 wherein the system of thepresent invention is further provided with an air ventilation apparatus;

FIG. 5 is an illustration similar to FIG. 4 wherein the system of thepresent invention is further provided with collection apparatus forresidual spray;

FIG. 6 is an illustration similar to FIG. 5 wherein the system of thepresent invention is further provided with apparatus to effect rotationof the human body being coated;

FIG. 7 is an illustration similar to FIG. 6 wherein the system of thepresent invention is further provided with multiple discharge nozzles;and

FIG. 8 is an illustration similar to FIG. 5 wherein the system of thepresent invention is adapted to the coating of a selected part of thehuman body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring now to the Drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, the systemfor automatically coating the human body of the present invention maycomprise an automated coating system for numerous types of formulations,including but not limited to the application of:

self-tanning formulations,

sunscreens,

suntan lotions,

tanning accelerators,

sun-burn treatments,

insect repellants,

skin toners,

skin bleaches,

skin lighteners,

anti-microbial compositions,

moisturizers,

exfoliants,

nutriments or vitamins,

massage aides,

muscle relaxants,

skin treatment agents,

burn treatment agents,

decontamination agents,

cosmetics,

wrinkle treatments or removers.

The first component of such a system is the chemical composition. Thesuitability of a composition for coating is strongly influenced by itsviscosity, with the preferred viscosity being close to that of water (1centipoise). Compositions with viscosities in the 1 to 10 centipoiserange generally atomize well, and viscosities in the 10 to 100 range canbe atomized, but the resulting spray is not as fine. Higher viscositiescan be atomized, and will work, but the spray is not as fine. Mostcurrently marketed compositions of the aforementioned applications canbe made suitable for atomization either as is or with appropriatedilution.

By way of example, a more detailed description of functionalcompositions for use in practice of the invention will be based onartificial tanning compositions. Four such compositions are given inCompositions 1, 2, 3 and 4. Individuals skilled in this art can createother compositions.

    ______________________________________    Ingredient       %    ______________________________________    COMPOSITION 1    Dihydroxyacetone 3    Water            97    COMPOSITION 2    Dihydroxyacetone 3.0    Denatured Ethanol                     20.0    Water            77.0    COMPOSITION 3    Dihydroxyacetone 12.0    Denature Ethanol 20.0    Water            68.0    COMPOSITION 4    Dihydroxyacetone 10.0    Commercial Sunless-                     15.0    Tanning Lotion    Water            75.0    ______________________________________

By way of example, suitable commercial preparations include Coppertone®Oil-Free Sunless Tanner (Schering-Plough, Memphis, Tenn.), Neutrogena®Glow Sunless Tanning Lotion for Face and Body (Neutrogena, Los Angeles,Calif.), and Kroger® Sunless Tanning Cream (Kroger, Cincinnati, Ohio).

Compositions 1, 2 and 3 are greatly simplified versions of theformulations now on the market or reported in the past. Thissimplification is possible due to the use of the present invention forapplying compositions to skin. These simplified compositions haveseveral advantages over more complex formulations, including:

faster drying,

less potential inhibition of DHA efficacy,

less potential for irritation from chemical components (because thereare fewer components),

less residue on the skin,

less expensive,

more environmentally friendly.

Composition 4 illustrates how a commercial formulation not particularlywell suited for atomization can be diluted, effectively atomized anduniformly coated on human skin. Similar dilutions of productsrepresenting the other aforementioned applications can be effectivelyatomized and coated on human skin.

A preferred colorant is DHA. DHA is available from Rona (Hawthorne,N.Y.). It is effective, safe, and approved by the FDA for thisapplication. The preferred DHA concentration is 0.5% to 20%, with a morepreferred range of 3.0% to 15.0%, and a most preferred range of 5% to12%. Numerous other colorants can also be used. Those agents include,but are not limited to:

crotonaldehyde

pyruvaldehyde

glycolaldehyde

glutaraldehyde

otho-phthaldehyde

sorbose

fructose

erythrulose

methylvinylketone

food coloring

Various dyes and UV blocking agents can be covalently linked to thecolorant or can be mixed into the composition with the colorant.

Bronzers can also be used in combination with or as an alternative toDHA. Bronzers which can be used include, but are not limited to, lawsoneand juglone. Combinations of DHA and bronzers can also be used, and canbe used to modify the resulting color (hue) and intensity of the tan.The preferred range for lawsone and juglone is 0.5% to 10.0% with themore preferred range of 1.0% to 5.0%. There is no pH adjustment requiredfor these compositions, although the pH can be adjusted to alter the hueof the resulting tan and to alter the dihydroxyacetone stability. Theoptimal tanning occurs with DHA at a pH of below 6.0, preferably withthe solution at pH 3.0 to 4.0. Unbuffered DHA has a pH of about 5.5. ThepH on the surface of human skin is also about 5.5. Nonetheless, theseformulations can be used over a wide pH range, and buffers or pHadjusters can be added.

Alcohol can be added to the composition to accelerate the rate ofdrying. Denatured ethanol (USP grade, commodity chemical) works well inthis capacity. The preferred range for alcohol concentration is from1.0% to 50.0%, with a more preferred range from 10.0% to 30.0%, and amost preferred concentration of 20.0%.

Other potential additives include:

moisturizers,

preservatives,

antimicrobials,

thickeners,

solvents,

emulsifiers,

fragrances,

stabilizers,

sun-screens,

surfactants,

pH adjusters,

anti-caking agents,

ingredients to alter the color reaction.

It typically requires about 100 ml of a 5.0% DHA composition to obtain amedium to dark tan over an entire adult body (about 2 square meters ofskin). A single application of about 150 ml of a 12% dihydroxyacetonecomposition over an entire adult human body will result in a very darktan. The exact amount of dihydroxyacetone required depends on the skintype and intensity of tan desired. The tan can last for about 2 to 7days, but usually lasts for 3 to 4 days. Multiple applications willdarken the tan.

The second component of the invention is the atomization of thecomposition. The required atomization can be obtained by a host of ways,most of which involve passing the composition through an orifice underpressure. Methods now used to atomize solutions include the use of thefollowing systems:

air atomization

siphon feed

gravity feed

pressure feed

internal atomization

external atomization

low pressure low volume

high volume low pressure

airless atomization

pressurized through small orifices

air-assisted

air-assisted heated

electrostatic

using charged particles

heated charged particles

high speed rotational atomizers

ultrasonic

These forms of atomization are the basis for most methods of producingatomized sprays, including misting and nebulization.

Using a single airless sprayer with a tip orifice of 0.6 mm, with acircular spray pattern of 12 inches at 12 inches from the tip, and witha flow rate of approximately 400 ml/min. the entire body (excluding thebottom of the feet) of an average-sized person can be coated withsolution in 5 to 15 seconds. In practice, the underside of the feetusually get slightly tanned also from exposure to small quantities ofresidual artificial tanning composition on the floor of application areaThe use of a single airless sprayer to apply a composition to human skinis illustrated in FIG. 2. In this figure and subsequent figures, 11designates the orifice for atomization of the composition, 12 designatesthe atomized spray, and 13 designates the subject being sprayed. In thisconfiguration, an operator must direct the flow of the spray. Theconfiguration illustrated in FIG. 2 would also work for any of the otheratomization methods aforementioned, and for any of the applicationsaforementioned. The preferred atomization method is the pressure-feeair-atomization system, with an internal or external atomizationconfiguration.

For a person to be coated as illustrated in FIG. 2 with an artificialtanning composition (or any composition of the applicationsaforementioned), several precautions should be taken. First, the personshould hold their breath during the application and during the timerequired for the spray to clear. If this process is done in an openarea, the coating should take about 5 to 15 seconds and the clearing ofresidues should take 1 to 10 seconds. Thus, the person would need tohold their breath for 6 to 25 seconds. Alternatively, they could wear afilter over their mouth, have a filter inside of their mouth, or use abreathing tube. They can also wear nose plugs or filters. Second, theeyes should be protected even though most of these formulations are notlikely to injure the eye. The simplest and most effective protection isto keep the eyes closed. Goggles or patches also work well, althoughthey leave uncoated areas that must be subsequently coated manually.Next, precautions need to be taken if one wants to avoid the exposure ofscalp hair. Scalp hair can be protected with a shower cap or any othersimilar protective covering impervious to the coating compositions.Also, hair can be coated with a water insoluble material such aspetroleum jelly. Similar protection can be used to protect hair on anyother parts of the body. Next, if atomization is from a single source,it is recommended that the person being coated turn while being coated,or that the coating apparatus be moved around the person being coated,or there be a combination of these movements. Finally, care must betaken that the nozzle remain at least several inches from the personbeing coated to prevent any possible injection of composition into theperson. Generally, spray injection occurs at pressures greater than 500psi with the person actually contacting the atomization orifice. Thepressures here are less than 80 psi, and more typically 10 to 40 psi,and the person being coated should be a foot or more from the orifice.

The issue of what to wear during coating is usually of great concern tothe person being coated. In the case of coating with artificial tanningsolution, the selection of what to wear is a matter of preference forthe person being coated. The subject can be coated nude, with underwear,with a bikini or a bathing suit, or with some form of pasties coveringtheir private parts.

The third component of the invention is containment of the spray.Containment is illustrated in FIG. 3. In this figure and subsequentfigures, 14 and 15 designate side panels and 16 and 17 designate the topand bottom panels, respectively. This type of containment is similar tothe containment of spray paint using paint booths in automobilerefinishing. Alternatively, spray containment can be obtained usingelectrostatic forces, where the atomized spray is charged and theresidual charged spray is removed by activating charged collectionplates. Of course, precautions must be taken so that the person beingsprayed and the operator are isolated from the charged plates.

Containment of the spray is very important for several reasons. Thesereasons include but are not limited to:

reducing waste,

avoiding spray getting onto and staining items in the immediatesurroundings,

facilitating capture and recovery processes,

better control of air flow,

better control of temperature and humidity.

This type containment facilitates the use of this invention in enclosedareas such as stores or medical facilities.

Control of air and spray flow is very important to the quality of theskin coating. It is highly preferable to have an exhaust fan drawing thespray towards the person being coated, and the residual composition outof the booth. In FIG. 4 is shown the addition of an exhaust fan 18. Thefan offers several significant advantages to the invention. Theseadvantages include but are not limited to:

better control of air flow

shorter exposure to residue spray, requiring less time to hold breath orbreathe through filter or air line

faster drying of the coated composition on skin

better quality coating

The fan 18 should have a flow of 10 to 5000 cubic feet per minute persquare foot of opening, preferably 50 to 1000 cubic feet per minute persquare foot, and most preferably 100 to 400 cubic feet per minute persquare foot. At flow rates of below 100 cubic feet per minute per squarefoot, the air movement is sufficient to guide the atomized spray throughthe containment area At flow rates of 100 to 400 cubic feet per minuteper square foot, the atomized spray is being actively drawn through thecontainment area and the application and drying process is enhanced. Atrates above 400 cubic feet per minute per square foot, the atomizedspray is being accelerated and the exhaust flow plays a much moreprominent role in the application process. The flow rate of the airthrough the containment area is therefore a major parameter which can bevaried to modify the characteristics of the coating of the artificialtanning composition to the skin. The drying time for the compositiondeposited on skin is also effected by flow rate, with drying timedecreasing as flow rates increase. At rates above 100 cubic feet perminute per square foot, the drying time (to the point of no transfer toother surfaces upon contact) is less than 5 minutes.

At any flow rate above 10 cubic feet per minute per square foot, theresidual atomized spray is completely removed from the containment areawithin one second This rapid removal is important to minimize the timethe person being tanned is exposed to spray and has the potential toinhale this spray. In the absence of this air flow, the residual spraylingers in the area for several minutes, and traces can be detectedhours later. This vigorous flow also protects any individuals oroperators near the atomizing orifices from back spray.

The final element of this invention is recovery, or filtering, ofresidual composition. This feature greatly enhances the utility of theinvention because it allows the system to be self-contained in an indoorenvironment and promotes a more environmentally friendly process.Without a recovery system, there is a potential for the exhaustedresidue to stain anything it contacts. Also, there could be anaccumulation of residue with time. One configuration of the recoverysystem is shown in FIG. 5. In this figure and subsequent figures, therecovery system or filter is denoted as 19. Recovery of bothparticulates and solvents is possible. Potential filters include ahigh-efficiency filter such as Binks' (Franklin Park, Ill.) PaintPockets or Columbus Industries' (Ashville, Ohio) High-Capacity SupraMini-Mesh, a form of a carbon filter, a water-wash filter, or anexchange-type resin. The efficiency of particulate and solvent removalshould be greater than 99%. As an alternative to high-efficiencyfiltering, the spray residuals could be vented to the outsideenvironment.

Additional features adding to the utility of the invention are shown inFIG. 6 and FIG. 7. In FIG. 6 there is shown the addition of a motorizedturntable 20. This turntable 20 will rotate the person being coated,eliminating rotation by the individual as a possible source of error orproblems. It also is a major convenience for the person being coated.The preferred rate of rotation is in the range of 1 to 60 rpm, with amore preferred range of 5 to 20 rpm, with a most preferred rate ofrotation of 12 rpm.

In FIG. 7 there is shown the use of multiple atomizing orifices. The useof multiple orifices facilitates the automation of this process, andreduces operator effort and potential error. It also reduces the timerequired to fully coat an individual. The typical round spray pattern isabout 12 inches wide at 8 to 12 inches from the orifices, so a preferredspacing of multiple orifices will be 8 to 12 inches apart, but could bepositioned from 1 to 48 inches apart. Fan patterns from wide-anglenozzles at 18 inches are typically 24 inches long and 9 inches wide.Using the preferred configuration, an individual can be coated in 5seconds or less. In FIG. 7, the orifices are aligned in a verticalpattern. The coverage of more area at one time could also be obtained byrapidly moving one or more orifices along a track or by rapidly alteringthe angle of the orifice. Other patterns are possible, includingcombinations of vertical and horizontally aligned orifices. Orificescould also be aligned radially, with the subject being sprayed withorifices aligned from 0 to 360°. Another alignment is a horizontal ringcontaining orifices that surround the body. By vertically raising andlowering the horizontal ring, the entire body or selected parts of thebody could be coated.

In an open environment, such as a beach or a park, a modified version ofconfiguration illustrated in FIG. 7 could be used to rapidly coat anindividual. It would even be possible to have a walk-through coatingsystem. An atomized spray could be produced from multiple nozzlesarranged in a single line (as shown in FIG. 7), in two single linesfacing one another and about 36 to about 48 inches apart, or multiplelines of nozzles. The preferred configuration is multiple lines, with 4lines being adequate. The atomized spray results in an area of intenseatomized solution, which would coat an individual standing in that area.The residual spray would then be dissipated into the surroundingenvironment. A fan could be used to accelerate the removal of theresiduals from the coating area.

FIG. 8 illustrates how the system of the present invention can be usedto tan a selected part of the body. In this case, just the face is beingtanned. In this figure the bottom panel of the apparatus 22 contains anopening through which one can insert his or her head. The top panel 23is arched. The high-efficiency filter is 19. The fan and back panel is15. Alternately, the setup as shown in FIGS. 2-7 could be used to tanonly a select part of the body by protecting the area not desired to betanned with appropriate barrier apparel or by screens between theatomized spray and the regions of the skin not to be coated. The barrierapparel could be any material impervious to the atomized coatingcomposition. For example, materials appropriate for use with theaforementioned coating compositions include vinyl, polyurethane, andlatex rubber. The screens can be sheets composed of any materialimpervious to the atomized artificial tanning compositions, includingmost metals or plastics. A preferred screening material is foam with animpervious aluminum foil backing. The foam is aligned with the backingaway from the atomizing orifice. The foam is preferred because itabsorbs much of the atomized spray, reducing back deflection.

Although preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in theDrawings and described in the Detailed Description, it will beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the embodimentsdisclosed, but is capable of numerous modifications and rearrangementsof parts and elements without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of coating human skin including thesteps of:a. providing a predetermined human skin coating composition; b.atomizing the human skin tanning composition at a predetermined rate; c.directing the atomized composition onto at least predetermined portionsof the body of the person to be coated; d. containing the atomizedspray; and e. capturing the portion of the atomized spray not depositedon the body of the person being coated.
 2. The method for artificiallycoating human skin according to claim 1 wherein the predetermined humanskin coating composition comprises dihydroxyacetone in a concentrationof between about 0.5% and about 20%, with the balance of the compositioncomprising water.
 3. The method for artificially coating human skinaccording to claim 1 wherein the predetermined human skin coatingcomposition comprises a naphthoquinone in a concentration of betweenabout 0.5% and about 10%, with the balance of the composition comprisingwater.
 4. The method of artificially coating human skin according toclaim 1 wherein the predetermined human skin coating compositioncomprises dihydroxyacetone in a concentration of between about 0.5% andabout 20%, a naphthoquinone in a concentration of between about 0.5% andabout 10%, with the balance of the composition comprising water.
 5. Themethod of artificially coating human skin according to claim 2 whereinthe predetermined human skin coating composition further includes analcohol in a concentration of between about 1% and about 50%.
 6. Themethod of artificially coating human skin according to claim 3 whereinthe predetermined human skin coating composition further includes analcohol in a concentration of between about 1% and about 50%.
 7. Themethod of artificially coating human skin according to claim 4 whereinthe predetermined human skin coating composition further includes analcohol in a concentration of between about 1% and about 50%.
 8. Themethod of artificially coating human skin according to claim 2 whereinthe predetermined human skin coating composition further includes apredetermined artificial tanning cream or lotion in a concentration ofbetween about 5% and about 20%.
 9. The method for coating human skinaccording to claim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predeterminedsunscreen composition.
 10. The method for coating human skin accordingto claim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predetermined suntanningcomposition.
 11. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined tanning acceleratorcomposition.
 12. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined sunburn treatmentcomposition.
 13. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined insect repellantcomposition.
 14. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined skin tonercomposition.
 15. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined skin bleachcomposition.
 16. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined skin lighteningcomposition.
 17. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined anti-microbialcomposition.
 18. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined moisturizercomposition.
 19. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined exfoliantcomposition.
 20. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined nutriment and vitamincomposition.
 21. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined massaging aidecomposition.
 22. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined muscle relaxantcomposition.
 23. The method for coating human skin according to claim 1wherein the coating composition is a predetermined medicated skintreatment composition.
 24. The method for coating human skin accordingto claim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predetermined burntreatment composition.
 25. The method for coating human skin accordingto claim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predetermineddecontamination composition.
 26. The method for coating human skinaccording to claim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predeterminedcosmetic composition.
 27. The method for coating human skin according toclaim 1 wherein the coating composition is a predetermined wrinkletreatment composition.
 28. The method of coating human skin according toclaim 1 wherein the step of atomizing the coating composition comprisesforcing the composition through a small diameter orifice and producingan atomized spray.
 29. The method of coating human skin according toclaim 1 wherein the step of directing the atomized spray of coatingcomposition onto the body of the person to be coated includes the stepof directing a flow of air containing the atomized composition pass thebody of the person being coated at a rate of between about 10 cubic feeta minute and about 5000 cubic feet a minute per square foot.
 30. Themethod of coating human skin according to claim 1 further includes thestep of rotating the body of the person to be coated around a verticalaxis during the application of the atomized coating composition.
 31. Themethod of coating human skin according to claim 1 wherein the step ofatomizing the coating composition is further characterized by forcingthe predetermined coating composition through a plurality of smalldiameter orifices.
 32. A method of coating human skin according to claim1 wherein the steps for containing the atomized spray and for capturingthe portion of atomized spray not deposited on the body of the personbeing coated are carried out by dissipating the uncoated atomized sprayinto the surrounding environment.
 33. The method of coating human skinaccording to claim 1 wherein the step of capturing the portion of theatomized spray not deposited on the body of the person being coated isaccomplished by the use of electrostatic plates which draw the chargedresidual spray from the area where the person is being coated to one ormore adjacent areas containing the charged electrostatic plates.
 34. Amethod of coating human skin including the steps of;a. providing apredetermined human skin coating composition; b. atomizing the humanskin tanning composition at a predetermined rate; c. directing theatomized human skin tanning composition onto at least predeterminedportions of the body of a person to be tanned; d. containing theatomized spray; and e. capturing the portion of the atomized spray whichis not deposited on the body of the person being tanned.
 35. The methodfor artificially coating human skin according to claim 34 wherein thepredetermined human skin coating composition comprises dihydroxyacetonein a concentration of between about 0.5% and about 20%, with the balanceof the composition comprising water.
 36. The method of artificiallycoating human skin according to claim 34 wherein the predetermined humanskin coating composition comprises a naphthoquinone in a concentrationof between about 0.5% and about 10%, with the balance of the compositioncomprising water.
 37. The method of artificially coating human skinaccording to claim 34 wherein the predetermined human skin coatingcomposition comprises dihydroxyacetone in a concentration of betweenabout 0.5% and about 20%, a naphthoquinone in a concentration of betweenabout 0.5% and about 10%, with the balance of the composition comprisingwater.
 38. The method of artificially coating human skin according toclaim 35 wherein the predetermined human skin coating compositionfurther includes an alcohol in a concentration of between about 1% andabout 50%.
 39. The method of artificially coating human skin accordingto claim 36 wherein the predetermined human skin coating compositionfurther includes an alcohol in a concentration of between about 1% andabout 50%.
 40. The method of artificially coating human skin accordingto claim 37 wherein the predetermined human skin coating compositionfurther includes an alcohol in a concentration of between about 1% andabout 50%.